Vulvar Cancer
Rare CancerCategory: 婦人科ICD-10: C51
Overview
Vulvar cancer is a malignancy of the external female genitalia, with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for about 90% of cases. It predominantly affects older women, with HPV infection and chronic vulvar conditions (lichen sclerosus) as major risk factors.
Symptoms
Vulvar itching, a lump or nodule, and ulceration are common early symptoms. Advanced disease may present with pain, bleeding, and inguinal lymph node enlargement.
Diagnosis
Visual examination and punch biopsy provide histological diagnosis. CT and MRI evaluate depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis for staging.
Treatments
Early-stage disease is treated with wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Advanced cases require inguinofemoral lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemoradiation. Unresectable disease is managed with concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiation.
Latest Research & Approaches
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials for advanced and recurrent vulvar cancer. Therapeutic HPV vaccine approaches for HPV-related vulvar cancer are also under investigation.
Sources & References
NCI - Vulvar Cancer Treatment
American Cancer Society - Vulvar Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Vulvar Cancer
American Cancer Society - Vulvar Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Vulvar Cancer