Thyroid Cancer
Category: 内分泌ICD-10: C73
Overview
Thyroid cancer arises from the thyroid gland in the neck, with papillary carcinoma comprising approximately 80-90% of cases. It is more common in women and can occur at any age. Most types carry an excellent prognosis, though anaplastic thyroid cancer is highly aggressive.
Symptoms
A painless neck lump or nodule is the most common presenting sign, often detected incidentally on imaging. Hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or enlarged lymph nodes may indicate advanced disease.
Diagnosis
Ultrasound evaluates thyroid nodule characteristics, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy determines malignancy. Blood tests for thyroglobulin and calcitonin levels aid in diagnosis and monitoring.
Treatments
Thyroidectomy is the primary treatment for papillary and follicular cancers, often followed by radioactive iodine therapy. Medullary thyroid cancer requires total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is treated with multimodal therapy including targeted agents.
Latest Research & Approaches
Lenvatinib and sorafenib are approved for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Selpercatinib shows efficacy in RET fusion-positive and RET-mutant thyroid cancers.
Sources & References
NCI - Thyroid Cancer Treatment
American Thyroid Association Guidelines
NCCN Guidelines: Thyroid Carcinoma
American Thyroid Association Guidelines
NCCN Guidelines: Thyroid Carcinoma