Stomach Cancer
Category: 消化器ICD-10: C16
Overview
Stomach (gastric) cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the stomach lining. Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor. Incidence is highest in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America.
Symptoms
Early stages are often asymptomatic. Advanced disease may cause epigastric pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Diagnosis
Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) with biopsy is the primary diagnostic method. CT and PET-CT are used for staging.
Treatments
Early gastric cancer may be treated with endoscopic resection. Advanced cases require gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. Perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy is standard. HER2-positive cases receive trastuzumab. Immunotherapy is used in advanced settings.
Latest Research & Approaches
Nivolumab as adjuvant therapy after surgery has shown improved outcomes. Novel agents targeting claudin 18.2 and FGFR2b are under clinical investigation.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society