Small Intestine Cancer
Rare CancerCategory: 消化器ICD-10: C17
Overview
Small intestine cancer is a rare malignancy of the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum, accounting for about 3% of gastrointestinal cancers. The four main types are adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumors, lymphoma, and GIST. Crohn's disease and Lynch syndrome increase risk.
Symptoms
Abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding (melena, anemia), and bowel obstruction are the main presentations. Symptoms are often nonspecific, leading to delayed diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy allow direct visualization of the small bowel mucosa. CT enterography is useful for lesion detection, with biopsy for histological confirmation.
Treatments
Surgical resection is the primary treatment for localized adenocarcinoma. Advanced or recurrent cases receive FOLFOX-based chemotherapy. Treatment varies by histological type: lymphomas are treated with chemotherapy, and carcinoid tumors with somatostatin analogs.
Latest Research & Approaches
Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in small bowel adenocarcinoma, particularly in MSI-high tumors. Molecular profiling-based personalized treatment approaches are under investigation.
Sources & References
NCI - Small Intestine Cancer Treatment
American Cancer Society - Small Intestine Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma
American Cancer Society - Small Intestine Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma