Skin Cancer
Category: 皮膚ICD-10: C43-C44
Overview
Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma as the three main types. Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the primary risk factor. Melanoma accounts for the most skin cancer deaths despite being less common.
Symptoms
New or changing moles, non-healing sores, or growths with irregular borders, color variation, or asymmetry are key warning signs. Advanced cases may present with ulceration, bleeding, or enlarged lymph nodes.
Diagnosis
Dermoscopy allows magnified examination of suspicious lesions, and skin biopsy provides definitive pathological diagnosis. CT and PET-CT scans are used for staging in melanoma.
Treatments
BCC and SCC are treated primarily with surgical excision, including Mohs surgery for cosmetically sensitive areas. Advanced melanoma treatment includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors for BRAF-mutant tumors. Radiation therapy is used for unresectable cases.
Latest Research & Approaches
Combination immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab has demonstrated improved long-term survival in advanced melanoma. Adjuvant immunotherapy is now standard for high-risk resected melanoma.
Sources & References
NCI - Skin Cancer Treatment
American Cancer Society - Skin Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Melanoma
American Cancer Society - Skin Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Melanoma