Ovarian Cancer
Category: 婦人科ICD-10: C56
Overview
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the ovary. It often presents at an advanced stage due to a lack of early symptoms. BRCA1/2 gene mutations are significant risk factors. High-grade serous carcinoma is the most common subtype.
Symptoms
Early stages are usually asymptomatic. Advanced disease causes abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, ascites, and loss of appetite.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves transvaginal ultrasound, CT, and CA-125 tumor marker. Definitive diagnosis is made by surgical pathology during debulking surgery.
Treatments
Primary treatment is cytoreductive surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel). BRCA-mutated cases receive PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be used for extensive disease.
Latest Research & Approaches
PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib) continue to expand in indications. Combination strategies with bevacizumab and novel targeted agents are under investigation.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society