Oral Cancer
Category: 頭頸部ICD-10: C00-C06
Overview
Oral cancer includes malignancies of the tongue, gums, floor of mouth, and buccal mucosa, with squamous cell carcinoma being the predominant type. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection are major risk factors. Early detection significantly improves outcomes.
Symptoms
Persistent mouth ulcers, white or red patches (leukoplakia/erythroplakia), and lumps in the oral cavity are early warning signs. Advanced disease may cause pain, difficulty speaking, jaw stiffness, or neck masses.
Diagnosis
Visual and physical examination followed by incisional biopsy provides definitive diagnosis. CT and MRI assess tumor extent and lymph node involvement for staging.
Treatments
Early-stage oral cancer is primarily treated with surgery, emphasizing functional preservation. Advanced cases require surgery combined with adjuvant chemoradiation. Cetuximab-based regimens and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used for recurrent or metastatic disease.
Latest Research & Approaches
Pembrolizumab has become a first-line treatment option for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Photoimmunotherapy (cetuximab sarotalocan) represents a novel treatment approach.
Sources & References
NCI - Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment
American Cancer Society - Oral Cavity Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Head and Neck Cancers
American Cancer Society - Oral Cavity Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Head and Neck Cancers