Liver Cancer
Category: 消化器ICD-10: C22
Overview
Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a malignant tumor of the liver. Major risk factors include chronic hepatitis B/C infection, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It often develops in the setting of cirrhosis.
Symptoms
Early stages are often asymptomatic. Advanced disease may cause abdominal distension, right upper quadrant pain, weight loss, jaundice, and ascites.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis relies on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. Tumor markers (AFP, PIVKA-II) support diagnosis. Biopsy is occasionally needed when imaging is inconclusive.
Treatments
Treatment is selected based on liver function and tumor burden. Options include surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and liver transplantation.
Latest Research & Approaches
The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has become a standard first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Additional immunotherapy combinations are being investigated.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society