Leukemia
Category: 血液ICD-10: C91-C95
Overview
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. It is classified into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Symptoms
Common symptoms include fatigue from anemia, bleeding tendency from thrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections from abnormal white blood cells.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on complete blood count abnormalities, confirmed by bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Cytogenetic and molecular testing classify the subtype.
Treatments
AML is treated with induction chemotherapy and consolidation, with stem cell transplant for high-risk cases. ALL requires multi-agent chemotherapy. CML is treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and newer agents) as standard first-line therapy.
Latest Research & Approaches
FLT3 and IDH inhibitors have improved AML outcomes. CAR-T cell therapy is approved for relapsed ALL. Treatment-free remission (TFR) studies in CML are evaluating safe discontinuation of TKIs.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society