Brain Tumor
Category: 脳神経ICD-10: C71
Overview
Brain tumors encompass primary tumors originating in the brain and metastatic tumors from other sites. Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, classified by WHO grades 1-4. Glioblastoma (grade 4) is the most aggressive form with a median survival of about 15 months.
Symptoms
Headaches, nausea, and vision changes from increased intracranial pressure are common presenting symptoms. Seizures, focal neurological deficits (weakness, speech difficulties), and personality changes depend on tumor location.
Diagnosis
MRI with contrast is the primary imaging modality for tumor localization and characterization. Surgical biopsy or resection provides tissue for histopathological diagnosis, including molecular markers such as IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status.
Treatments
Glioblastoma standard treatment is maximal safe resection followed by temozolomide with concurrent radiation (Stupp protocol). Low-grade gliomas are managed with surgery and observation or chemotherapy. Benign tumors such as meningiomas may be cured with complete surgical removal.
Latest Research & Approaches
Tumor treating fields (TTFields) have shown survival benefit in glioblastoma. IDH inhibitors like vorasidenib are being developed for IDH-mutant gliomas, showing promising progression-free survival improvements.
Sources & References
NCI - Brain Tumors Treatment
American Brain Tumor Association
NCCN Guidelines: Central Nervous System Cancers
American Brain Tumor Association
NCCN Guidelines: Central Nervous System Cancers