Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)
Rare CancerCategory: 消化器ICD-10: C22.1
Overview
Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy arising from the bile duct epithelium, classified as intrahepatic or extrahepatic. Risk factors include primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infection, and biliary cysts. It accounts for about 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers.
Symptoms
Obstructive jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes, pale stools, dark urine) is the hallmark symptom. Abdominal pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite are also common.
Diagnosis
Blood tests show elevated biliary enzymes and CA19-9 tumor marker. MRCP and ERCP identify the site of bile duct stricture, with brush cytology or biopsy for histological confirmation.
Treatments
Surgical resection (hepatectomy, bile duct resection, or pancreaticoduodenectomy) is the only curative option for resectable disease. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is the standard first-line chemotherapy for unresectable cases. Biliary stenting provides palliative relief from jaundice.
Latest Research & Approaches
FGFR inhibitors (pemigatinib, futibatinib) are approved for FGFR2 fusion-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ivosidenib has shown efficacy in IDH1-mutant cholangiocarcinoma.
Sources & References
NCI - Bile Duct Cancer Treatment
American Cancer Society - Bile Duct Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Biliary Tract Cancers
American Cancer Society - Bile Duct Cancer
NCCN Guidelines: Biliary Tract Cancers