Prostate Cancer
Category: 泌尿器ICD-10: C61
Overview
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor of the prostate gland, most common in older men. It is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men worldwide. Early-stage disease generally has an excellent prognosis.
Symptoms
Early stages are often asymptomatic. Advanced disease may cause urinary difficulty, frequent urination, hematuria, and bone pain from metastases.
Diagnosis
Screening involves PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test. Diagnosis is confirmed by multiparametric MRI and transrectal or transperineal prostate biopsy.
Treatments
Low-risk disease may be managed with active surveillance. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. Metastatic disease is treated with novel hormonal agents, chemotherapy, and PARP inhibitors for BRCA-mutated cases.
Latest Research & Approaches
PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (lutetium-177 PSMA) has been approved for metastatic castration-resistant disease. PARP inhibitors are expanding in the BRCA-mutated setting.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society