Lung Cancer
Category: 呼吸器ICD-10: C34
Overview
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in lung tissue. Smoking is the leading risk factor, though it also occurs in non-smokers. It is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide.
Symptoms
Early stages are often asymptomatic. Advanced stages may present with persistent cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss.
Diagnosis
Screening is performed with low-dose CT in high-risk individuals. Diagnosis involves bronchoscopy, CT-guided biopsy, and molecular testing for driver mutations.
Treatments
Treatment depends on the type (NSCLC vs SCLC), stage, and molecular profile. Options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (EGFR, ALK, ROS1 inhibitors), and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Latest Research & Approaches
Advances include novel targeted agents for driver mutations (KRAS G12C inhibitors), combination immunotherapy regimens, and liquid biopsy for treatment monitoring.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society