Cervical Cancer
Category: 婦人科ICD-10: C53
Overview
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor of the cervix, primarily caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is preventable through HPV vaccination and early detection via screening.
Symptoms
Early stages are often asymptomatic. Advanced disease may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain.
Diagnosis
Screening involves cervical cytology (Pap smear) and HPV testing. Colposcopy with biopsy provides definitive diagnosis. MRI and CT/PET are used for staging.
Treatments
Precancerous lesions and early cancers can be treated with conization. Advanced cases require radical hysterectomy or concurrent chemoradiation. Recurrent and metastatic disease is treated with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab and immunotherapy.
Latest Research & Approaches
Pembrolizumab has been approved for advanced cervical cancer. Tisotumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate, has shown promising results in recurrent disease.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society