Breast Cancer
Category: 乳腺ICD-10: C50
Overview
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor arising from breast tissue. It is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Risk factors include genetic mutations (BRCA1/2), hormone exposure, family history, and lifestyle factors.
Symptoms
Symptoms include a breast lump, nipple discharge, changes in breast shape or size, and skin changes such as dimpling or redness.
Diagnosis
Screening involves mammography and ultrasound. Diagnosis is confirmed by core needle biopsy. MRI helps assess disease extent. Molecular subtyping guides treatment.
Treatments
Treatment includes surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, anti-HER2 therapy, and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Treatment is tailored based on subtype (HR, HER2, triple-negative).
Latest Research & Approaches
Advances include antibody-drug conjugates (trastuzumab deruxtecan), PARP inhibitors for BRCA-mutated cancers, and expanded CDK4/6 inhibitor indications.
Sources & References
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society